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Karim Khan
Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (Lurish and Persian: کریم خان زند, also Romanized as Mohammad Karīm Khān-e Zand), was the founder of the Zand Dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran except for Khorasan. He also ruled over some Caucasian lands and occupied Basra for some years.
== Family and early life ==
Karim Khan belonged to the Zand tribe, an Iranian tribe of Lak〔''A fourth pretender was Karim Khan, son of Aymak of the Zand, a section of Lak tribe'', Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes, ''A History of Persi'', Macmillan and co., limited, 1930, (p. 277. )〕〔''One of the contenders for power was Karim Khan Zand, a member of the Lak tribe near Shiraz'', William Marsden, Stephen Album, ''Marsden's Numismata orientalia illustrata'', Attic Books, 1977, ISBN 978-0-915018-16-1, (p. 158. )〕〔Karim Khan, the founder of the Zand dynasty of Persia that succeeded the Afsharids, was himself born to a family of these Lak deportees (of the Zand tribe), Mehrdad R. Izady, ''The Kurds: A Concise Handbook'', Taylor & Francis, 1992, ISBN 978-0-8448-1727-9, (p. 12. )〕 or Lur〔''Muhammad Karim Khan, of the Zand clan of the Lur tribe, suc- ceeded in imposing his authority on parts of the defunct Safavid empire'', David Yeroushalmi, ''The Jews of Iran in The Nineteenth Century: Aspects of History, Community, and Culture'', BRILL, 2009, ISBN 978-90-04-15288-5, (p. xxxix. )〕 origin. Karim Khan was born in ca. 1705 somewhere in western Iran. In 1732, Nader Shah, who was the ''de facto'' ruler of the Safavid Empire, moved thousands of Bakhtiaris and several Zand families to Khorasan, Karim Khan and his family being one of them. Later in 1736, Nader Shah deposed the Safavid ruler Abbas III and assumed the throne for himself, thus starting the Afsharid dynasty. However, Nader Shah was later murdered in 1747 at the hands of his own men, which gave the Bakhtiaris under the leadership of Ali-Mardan Khan and the Zands under Karim Khan the opportunity to return to their former lands in western Iran.
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